Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology

Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
Order 5980383
Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
Di culty level: Easy
1. A 3-year-old boy was brought to the em ergency departm ent
after eating som e black berries from a plant in the woods.
Physical exam ination showed a disoriented and hallucinating
patient w ith dilated pupils, dry m outh, red and dry skin, and
body tem perature of 103.4°F (39.7°C). Vital signs were blood
pressure 90/50 m m Hg, pulse 122 bpm , respirations 24/m in.
The central and peripheral sym ptom s of this patient were
m ost likely m ediated by the blockade of w hich of the following receptors?
A. Noradrenergic
B. Nicotinic
C. Muscarinic
D. Dopam inergic
E. Serotonergic
F. GABAergic
G. Glutam atergic
Di culty level: Hard
2. A 33-year-old m an w ho was a heavy sm oker started a m edically assisted program to quit sm oking. Therapy included the
adm inistration of an agonist at α2 presynaptic receptors that
acts m ainly on noradrenergic neurons in the brain. Which of
the follow ing brain regions was m ost likely involved in the
therapeutic e ect of the drug in this patient?
A. Nucleus basalis of Meynert
B. Central raphe nucleus
C. Locus ceruleus
D. Substantia nigra
E. Amygdala
F. Nucleus tractus solitarius
Di culty level: Medium
Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
3. A 46-year-old wom an com plained to her physician of daytim e sleepiness. One day earlier, she had started taking an
antihistam ine for allergic rhinitis. The physician explained
that drowsiness was m ost likely due to inhibition of the action
of histam inergic neurons in the brain. Which of the follow ing
brain regions was m ost likely involved in the adverse e ect of
this drug?
A. Nucleus tractus solitarius
B. Caudatum
C. Hippocampus
D. Nucleus basalis of Meynert
E. Amygdala
F. Ventral posterior hypothalam us
Di culty level: Medium
4. A 51-year-old m an su ering from episodic leg cram ps started
a treatm ent w ith a drug that activates GABAB receptors both
in the brain and in the spinal cord. This activation m ost likely
opened w hich of the follow ing ion channels?
A. K
B. Cl−
C. Ca2
D. Mg
E. Na
Di culty level: Easy
5. A 54-year-old wom an su ering from initial insom nia was
prescribed a hypnotic drug that increases the activit y of a
m ajor neurotransm itter system in the brain. Which of the follow ing neurotransm itter system s was m ost likely involved in
the therapeutic action of that drug?
A. Cholinergic
B. Noradrenergic
C. Glutam atergic
D. GABAergic
E. Dopam inergic
F. Endorphinergic
Di culty level: Medium
6. A 54-year-old wom an was adm itted unconscious to the em ergency departm ent after a car accident. After physical and lab
exam s, a diagnosis of brain injury was m ade. It is know n that
in brain injury, a rapid and large increase of Ca2 in ux into
dam aged neurons can contribute signi cantly to neuronal
death (a process called excitotoxicity). Activation of w hich of
the follow ing brain receptors m ost likely caused this m etabolic derangem ent in the patient?
A. Presynaptic α2 adrenoceptors
B. Postsynaptic α2 adrenoceptors
C. Presynaptic NMDA receptors
D. Postsynaptic NMDA receptors
E. Presynaptic GABA receptors
F. Postsynaptic GABA receptors
78 Central Nervous System
Di culty level: Easy
Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
7. A 35-year-old wom an was adm itted to a psychiatric hospital
for evaluation. She reported episodic feelings of sadness
since adolescence, but she had noticed a gradual worsening
in her m ood over the past 3 weeks. She had depressed m ood
m ost of the day, had lost interest in any leisure activit y, and
had di culty sleeping, poor appetite, low energy, feelings
of guilt, and recurrent thoughts of death. Which of the follow ing pairs of neurotransm itters were m ost likely involved
in the patient’s disorder?
A. Glutam ate and serotonin
B. Norepinephrine and glutam ate
C. Glutam ate and acetylcholine
D. Serotonin and acetylcholine
E. Serotonin and norepinephrine
F. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine
Di culty level: Easy
8. A 63-year-old wom an recently diagnosed w ith generalized
anxiety disorder started a treatment with a drug that increases serotonin availability in the synaptic cleft. Which of
the follow ing enzym es is the rate-lim iting step in serotonin
biosynthesis?
A. Tyrosine hydroxylase
B. Dopam ine-ß -hydroxylase
C. Tryptophan hydroxylase
D. Choline acetyl transferase
E. L-am ino acid decarboxylase
Di culty level: Easy
9. A 26-year-old m an w ith a long history of polydrug abuse
stated that he felt an intense euphoric sensation every tim e
he self-adm inistered any illicit drug. Which of the follow ing
item s correctly pairs the neurotransm itter and the central
nervous system site m ost likely involved in the rewarding
e ect of abused drugs?
A. GABA−amygdala
B. Acetylcholine−nucleus basalis of Meynert
C. Histam ine−nucleus accum bens
D. Dopam ine−basal ganglia
E. Serotonin−raphe nuclei
F. Dopam ine−nucleus accum bens
G. Serotonin−amygdala
Di culty level: Easy
10. The pharm acological activity of ve new central nervous
system (CNS) drugs (P, Q, R, S, and T) was studied in laboratory anim als. All drugs were able to change the availability
of speci c CNS neurotransm itters in the synaptic cleft. The
results are reported in the table below.
Drug Norepinephrine Acet ylcholine GABA Serotonin
P 0
Q − − 0
R 0 0
S − −
T 0 0 0
= increased availability
− = decreased availability
0 = negligible e ect
Abbreviation: GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Which of the follow ing drugs is likely to be m ost e ective in
the treatm ent of Alzheim er disease?
A. Drug P
B. Drug Q
C. Drug R
D. Drug S
E. Drug T
Having a hard time figuring out how to do your assignment?
Ask our experts for help and get it done in no time!