Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage
Fifth Edition
Chapter 12
Resource Management
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Learning Objectives
12.1 Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
12.2 Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques to project schedules to identify potential resource overallocation situations.
12.3 Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities over the baseline schedule using appropriate prioritization heuristics.
12.4 Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth resource requirements across the project life cycle.
12.5 Apply resource management within a multiproject environment.
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P M B o K Core Concepts
Project Management Body of Knowledge (P M B o K) covered in this chapter includes:
1. Estimate Activity Resources (P M B o K 6.4)
2. Plan Human Resource Management (P M B o K 9.1)
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Types of Constraints
Physical
Time
Resource
Mixed
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Table 12.2 Activity Precedence Table
Activity Description Duration Predecessors Member Assigned
A Assign Bids 5 days None Tom
B Document Awards 5 days A Jeff
C Calculate Costs 5 days A Jeff
D Select Winning Bid 1 days B,C Sue
E Develop P R Campaign 4 days D Carol
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Figure 12.2 Sample Activity Network with Conflicts
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Figure 12.3 Resource Usage Table Demonstrating Overallocation
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Resource Loading
The amount of individual resources a schedule requires during specific time periods.
Once the Work Breakdown Structure and activity networks are developed, create the resource loading form (or resource usage calendar)
The resource usage table shows:
Project team members
Tasks they are assigned to
Time each activity is expected to take
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Figure 12.5 Resource Usage Table
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Figure 12.6 Example of Resource Usage Table with Overallocation
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Resource Leveling
A process that address the complex challenges of project constraints (A K A resource smoothing).
Objectives:
To determine the resource requirements so that they will be available at the right time
To allow each activity to be scheduled with the smoothest possible transition across resource usage levels
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Resource Leveling Heuristics for Prioritizing Allocation
Smallest amount of slack
Smallest duration
Lowest I D number (F C F S)
Greatest number of successor tasks
Requiring the most resources
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General Procedure for Resource Leveling
Create a project activity network diagram.
Develop resource loading table.
Determine activity late finish dates.
Identify resource overallocation.
Level the resource loading table.
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Construct a Resource-Loading Chart
To construct a time-limited resource-loading chart for resource scheduling, there are six main steps to follow:
Create activity network.
Produce table for each activity, resource requirements, duration, early start time, slack, and late finish time.
List activities in order of increasing slack.
Draw an initial resource-loading chart with each activity scheduled at its earliest start time.
Rearrange activities within their slack to create a profile that is as level as possible.
Use judgment to interpret and improve activity leveling.
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Figure 12.17 Sample Project Network
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Creating Resource Loading Charts: Resource Staffing
Table 12.7 Resource Staffing (Hourly Units) Required for Each Activity
Activity Resource Duration Early Start Slack Late Finish
A 6 4 0 0 4
B 2 1 4 0 5
C 2 3 4 4 11
D 7 4 5 0 9
E 3 2 9 0 11
F 6 1 11 0 12
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Resource-Loading Chart
Figure 12.18 Resource-Loading Chart for Sample Project
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Figure 12.19 Modified Resource-Loading Chart When Splitting Task C
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Managing Resources in Multiproject Environments
Schedule Slippage
Resource Utilization
In-Process Inventory
Resolving Resource Decisions in Multiproject Environments
First In Line
Greatest Resource Demand
Greatest Resource Utilization
Minimum Late Finish Time
Mathematical Programming
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Summary
Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques to project schedules to identify potential resource overallocation situations.
Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities over the baseline schedule using appropriate prioritization heuristics.
Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth resource requirements across the project life cycle.
Apply resource management within a multiproject environment.
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright
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