Discus the environmental accounting framework 1. What is environmental accounting? 2. What are the main characteristics of the conventional accounting and ecological accounting categories? Why is the distinction necessary? 3. Explain the two major types of measure used in conventional accounting and ecological accounting. When consideration is given to environmental issues in accounting, what are the two main groups of information that stakeholders may be […]

Discus criticism and advantages of conventional accounting 1. Chambers (1999) argues that money and monetary calculation are among the greatest simplifiers of complex affairs.What advantages does the use of a money measure of activity have for decision-makers? 2. According to Rubenstein (1994: 3): For the first time in accounting’s sleepy history, there is a growing recognition among accountants and nonaccountants alike that accounting, the value-free, […]

Discus Environmental Management Accounting a What are the total estimated annual savings and cost avoidance for Baxter International from environmental improvements in 2005? b Are these savings driven by commercial or environmental management considerations? Discuss. 3. Use of the term ‘economic cost’ may be contrasted with use of the term ‘accounting cost’.The term ‘cost’ is used in different contexts (and by different individuals) with different […]

Discus Environmental issues in Financial Accounting and Reporting 1. How do stakeholder groups relevant to environmental management accounting and environmentally induced financial accounting differ? 2. What reasons can you give in support of, and against, the development of separate financial accounting guidelines and standards that reflect the financial consequences of environmental issues? 3. Information disclosed in financial reports should have a number of characteristics (e.g. […]

Discus Environmental Shareholder Value 1. What is shareholder value? Given that there is a range of stakeholders interested in corporate environmental impacts, what arguments can be advanced for emphasising shareholders and ‘value’ attributable to them? 2. Is there a relationship between the number of accounting standards issued and demand for accounting and auditing services? Explain this relationship. Given this relationship, should environmental accounting standards be […]

Order Ecological Accounting Assignment 1. What is the main difference between environmental accounting and ecological accounting? 2. Why might ‘deep green’ environmentalists favour the presentation of corporate information in ecological accounts but reject disclosures in environmentally adjusted financial accounts? 3. Which environmental management concept encourages managers to favour the combined development of internal ecological accounting and management accounting. Explain. 4. Why should business worry about […]

Discus Environmental information as subject 1. Distinguish between environmental impact, environmental quality and environmental effect. How are these related to life-cycle assessment? 2. Products, geographic sites and businesses represent three objects for the collection, classification and communication of physical environmental information.Are these three objects related in any way? Why is it important for managers to distinguish between the three objects? 3. Stocks and flows are […]

Discus Internal Ecological Accounting 1. Internal ecological accounting provides information for a number of internal environmental impact added objects. What are these objects? Does internal ecological accounting information differ depending on the object chosen (e.g. site, product) or is the same information needed by all managers? 2. Are there any circumstances when top management will be interested in detailed ecological accounting information? Explain. 3. How […]

Discus Stakeholders Regulations and Incentives 1. What are the pressures on managers to report biased ecological impact information to stakeholders? How might these be alleviated? 2. Regulation can no longer be viewed simply in terms of ‘command and control’ over companies. Discuss two alternatives to direct regulation and explain, by using the notion of an enforcement pyramid, whether there is any link between these alternatives […]

Order Convergence of economic and environmental 1. What is eco-efficiency? How is it measured? Why is it measured? Where is it reported? 2. List the main stakeholder groups in a company. Consider whether and why each stakeholder group might be interested in corporate eco-efficiency indicators. What level of information is each group most interested in for decision-making and accountability purposes? Explain. 3. What is an […]