Types of engines The researchers have focused on developing engines that may possibly lead to complete elimination of emissions or reduction; Kalghatgi designed a study based on GCI engine that makes it simpler to decrease NOx and particle emissions while allowing diesel-like efficiency, Hosseini contrasts traditional motorboat engines to HFC engines, which provide a substantial decrease in GHG emissions and a quiet atmosphere while increasing […]

ASTM D7157, ASTM D7112 and ASTM D7060 Compatibility Test In general, all of these techniques involve: The injection of an aromatic solvent (e.g., toluene/xylene/methylnaphthalene) Non-aromatic solvent titration (e.g. heptane, hexadecane) Optical identification of asphaltene precipitation for evaluating stability parameters or characteristics that may be utilized for advice on crude oil or fuel compatibility The provides summary of the methods: ASTM D7157 (Rofa) ASTM D7112 (Porla) […]

ASTM D7112 analysis provides Solubility Blending Numberand Insolubility Number (IN) in addition to Po, Pa, and P-value (IN). When a fuel’s P-value is less than one, it is termed unstable. When a fuel’s P-value is lowerthan one, it is termed unstable. The greater the P-value, the less likely it is that asphaltenes will precipitate in the gasoline. The FRmax and Po are determined by analyzing […]

The oil’s compatibility model is based on the Solubility Blending Number and IN, as well as the following approximations: The limiting factor is the maximum IN, INmax, of the two fuels (i.e., the less stable asphaltenes). SBN changes in a linear fashion. The model considers the mixing ratio of the two fuels by computing the volumetric mean of the SBNs of the separate fuels, SBNmix: […]

Discussions The two experiments demonstrate both the efficacy of utilizing vegetable oil as MDO in ships and the importance of selecting the right kind of vegetable oil. Operating the engine on the marine diesel oil/RME combination led to a lower pmax and pi pressures especially when using MDO/20% RME gasoline while maintaining the engine’s torque load and speed constant. It shows that the fuel burnt […]

RQ1: How do gender and socio-cultural beliefs relating to female roles and society affect career progression in academia in Nigeria? In most African communities, there is a wide gap between the power and influence of women compared to men. The majority of African cultures seem to view men as superior to women in terms of various aspects. For instance, most African women remain under the […]

First, gender and socio-cultural beliefs relating to female roles and society affect career progression in academia in Nigeria because females are perceived as care providers for families and therefore dormant in the corporate world. In Nigeria, most people believe that women should be aware that their primary role in society is to take care of their husbands and children. Any other function that an African […]

Nigeria were forced to leave their careers after having children and increased family responsibilities (Nwagbara, 2020). From the current African family and organizational setting, it is evident that women assume the lion’s share regarding domestic responsibilities. Defined as the double burden syndrome, a study by Nwagbara (2020) found that an average Nigerian woman devoted double the time dedicated by a man to domestic duties, 4 […]

Second, the existing gender stereotype and socio-cultural belief in Nigeria and other African countries that women are not suitable or lack the qualities of a leader hinder their career progression. In a learning institution, for example, most principals and heads of departments in most cases are men. Hill and Wheat (2017) state that for a woman to reach the leadership status in most schools and […]

Saa Kumi na mbili Philosophy can be defined as the investigation of thoughts regarding human instinct comparable to the truth wherein we live. There are main branches in philosophy that cover different aspects of life. Metaphysics is the part of philosophy that views about the actual universe and the idea of extreme reality. This is the branch that answers the question ‘what is reality made […]