Buy Frequency Of Hydrocephalus In Children

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1. Which one of the following statements
LEAST accurately describes CSF production?
a. Neonates produceCSF at a rate of 25 ml/day
b. Infants have a total CSF volume of 25 ml
c. Adults produce CSF at a rate of approximately 0.5 ml/min
d. Ventricles contain 25 ml of CSF
e. Raised intracranial pressure does not affect
formation of CSF at the choroid plexus
2. The estimated frequency of hydrocephalus in
children is which one of the following?
a. 1 in 100
b. 1 in 250
c. 1 in 500
d. 1 in 1500
e. 1 in 5000
3. An infant has a head CT performed because of
alarge head and failure to thrive. The diagnosis
of hydrocephalus is made. Congenital hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by which
one of the following maternal infections?
a. Toxoplasmosis
b. Rubella
c. Influenza
d. HIV
e. Group B Streptococci
4. An 18-month-old child presents with poor
feeding, and motor delay. Papilledema is present on fundoscopy. CT head shows a heterogeneously enhancing midline posterior
fossa mass suspicious of medulloblastoma
causing severe obstructive hydrocephalus.
This child’s risk of developing chronic
hydrocephalus at 6 months postoperatively
is which one of the following?
a. 7%
b. 19%
c. 42%
d. 56%
e. 80%
f. 97%
Buy Frequency Of Hydrocephalus In Children
5. A 9-year-old child with VP shunt comes with
headache and lethargy. CT head, blood,
unchanged and shunt series are normal. Risk
of CSF infection secondary to percutaneous
shunt tap is which one of the following?
a. 0.0002%
b. 0.002%
c. 0.02%
d. 0.2%
e. 2%
6. Which one of the following statements
regarding the management of pediatric
hydrocephalus is LEAST accurate?
a. Preoperative antibiotics reduces the risk
of subsequent shunt infection in patients
with hydrocephalus
b. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of endoscopic guidance in ventricular shunt placement
c. There is insufficient evidence to recommend occipital over frontal point of entry
for ventricular catheters
d. There is no clear advantage for one shunt
valve type over another
e. Antibiotic-impregnated shunt tubing may
be associated with a lower risk of shunt
infection compared to conventional
silver-impregnated hardware
7. Which one of the following statements regarding the choice of endoscopic third ventriculostomy or ventriculoperitoneal shunt CSF
diversion in children is LEAST accurate?
a. ETV is the standard of care for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in infants
(<24 months old)
b. VP shunt is usually most appropriate for
communicating hydrocephalus
c. ETV should be considered first for hydrocephalus due to congenital aqueduct stenosis
d. Late ETV failure (2 years) is less common
than late VP shunt failure
e. Majority of ETV failure occurs in the first
3 months
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