Order Type Of Observational Study Discussion

Order Type Of Observational Study Discussion
Order 5943948
Order Type Of Observational Study Discussion
1. In which type of observational study are subjects chosen and followed over a
period to observe the outcome of interest?
A. Cohort
B. Case-control studies
C. Cross-sectional studies
D. Case series
2. A survey is devised with the intent to compare patient satisfaction and
anesthetic type (general or regional anesthesia). This inquiry is best described
as which type of study design?
A. Cohort
B. Case-control
C. Cross-sectional
D. Randomized trial
3. 13. A type I error is defined as which of the following?
A. Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis
B. Correctly rejecting the null hypothesis
C. Incorrectly accepting the null hypothesis
D. Incorrectly rejecting the alternative hypothesis
4. A study is being designed to examine the impact of a new analgesic on
postoperative pain. Patients will be randomized to receive either the new
analgesic or placebo, and average postoperative pain scores will be compared in
the 2 patient groups. An increase in sample size will be required if which of the
following factors is increased?
A. Standard deviation
B. α
C. β
D. Effect size
Order Type Of Observational Study Discussion
5. The number needed to treat (NNT) is defined as which of the following?
A. The risk of the outcome in the experimental group
B. The difference in risk in the treatment and control groups
C. The number of patients who need to be treated to decrease the adverse outcome
by 10%
D. The number of patients who need to be treated to prevent 1 adverse outcome
6. Which of the following statements regarding the null hypothesis (H0
) is most
correct?
A. It represents the absence of a difference between groups.
B. It hypothesizes that there is a difference between test groups.
C. If incorrectly rejected, it is referred to as a type II error.
D. It is represented by the Greek letter α.
7. An investigator is interested in comparing the differences in survival over time
for patients who receive general anesthesia versus regional anesthesia for
prostatectomies. Which of the following statistics would be most appropriate to
analyze these data?
A. Relative risk
B. Hazard ratio (HR)
C. Odds ratio
D. Rate ratio
8. In a randomized control trial, the term “crossover” refers to which of the
following?
A. Patients who drop out of the trial
B. Patients who do not receive treatment during the course of the trial
C. Patients who receive a sequence of different treatments during the trial
D. Patients who do not end up receiving an assigned treatment and instead are
enrolled in another randomized control trial
9. In a single-blinded randomized control trial, the individuals being blinded to
receiving treatment are which of the following?
A. Subjects only
B. Investigators only
C. Statistician only
D. Subjects and investigators
10. 20. In statistical tests the P-value is defined as which of the following?
A. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis
B. The probability of obtaining a test statistic value equal to or more extreme than
the actual test statistics given the null hypothesis is true
C. The probability of accepting the null hypothesis
D. The probability of obtaining a test statistic value less extreme than the test
statistics given the null hypothesis is true
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