Glucose Metabolism In The Perioperative Period Discussion

Glucose Metabolism In The Perioperative Period Discussion
Order 59776320
Glucose Metabolism In The Perioperative Period Discussion
1. Which of the following characteristics is most consistent with nonketotic
hyperosmolar coma?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Hypokalemia
C. Skeletal muscle weakness
D. Profound hyperglycemia >600 mg/dL
2. Long-term type 1 diabetes is associated with which of the following anesthetic
complications?
A. Malignant hyperthermia
B. Difficult airway
C. Pseudocholinesterase deficiency
D. Anaphylaxis to local anesthetics
3. Which of the following statements is true of glucose metabolism in the
perioperative period?
A. Glucagon levels are decreased.
B. Blood glucose levels in nondiabetic patients may rise as much as 60 mg/dL.
C. Catecholamines inhibit gluconeogenesis.
D. ACTH levels are decreased.
Glucose Metabolism In The Perioperative Period Discussion
4. In which of the following scenarios is it acceptable to administer metformin
therapy?
A. The night before elective surgery
B. In the presence of NYHA class II heart failure
C. The morning a patient will undergo CT scan with IV contrast
D. In a patient with pyelonephritis who remains normotensive
5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the cardiac risk in patients
with diabetes mellitus?
A. Diabetic patients reliably present with classic angina symptoms in the setting of
acute myocardial infarction.
B. Aspirin therapy is recommended for diabetic patients in the absence of known
coronary disease.
C. Routine stress testing is indicated for all diabetic patients to identify silent
ischemia.
D. ACE inhibitors should be avoided in diabetes because they are at risk of diabetic
nephropathy.
6. The process of glycolysis converts glucose into what molecule?
A. NADPH
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Pyruvate
D. Lactate
7. 27. Which molecule is common to carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid
metabolism and does directly enter the Krebs cycle for further metabolism?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Pyruvate
C. Citrate
D. Succinyl-CoA
8. Which of the following molecules accelerates the Krebs cycle via activation of
pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase?
A. Citrate
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. Calcium
9. Which of the following is the final acceptor of electrons in the electron
transport chain?
A. NADH
B. NAD
C. Oxygen
D. FADH
10. Which of the following organs is/are responsible for gluconeogenesis?
A. Liver only
B. Kidney only
C. Brain
D. Liver and kidney
11. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of simvastatin in lowering
lipid levels?
A. Prevention of intestinal absorption of triacylglycerides (TAGs)
B. HMG-CoA reductase inhibition
C. PCSK9 inhibition
D. Upregulation of β-oxidation of fatty acids
Glucose Metabolism In The Perioperative Period Discussion
12. Which of the following is true of lipid digestion?
A. Cholecystokinin speeds gastric motility.
B. TAGs are absorbed unchanged in the small intestine.
C. Emulsification of lipids occurs primarily in the small intestine.
D. Lipids diffuse into enterocytes unchanged because of their water solubility.
13. Patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency are at risk for which vitamin
deficiency?
A. Thiamine
B. Pyridoxine
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
14. Which of the following statements is true with regard to lipid metabolism in the
liver?
A. The liver may package TAGs into very-low-density lipoproteins for transport to
other tissues.
B. The liver can extract energy from ketones via ketoacyl-CoA transferase.
C. Insulin activates β-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver.
D. When there is a deficiency in glycogen, the liver converts glucose to TAGs for
storage.
15. 35. Which organ is unable to utilize fatty acid oxidation in times of starvation
and thus relies primarily on ketone metabolism?
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Brain
D. Muscle
16. Which of the following statements is true regarding cholesterol metabolism?
A. Bile salts are recirculated through enterohepatic circulation several times a day.
B. Cholesterol is converted into bile salts in the gall bladder.
C. Bile salts are excreted into the colon.
D. Cholesterols are hydrophilic molecules.
17. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of ezetimibe in lowering lipid
levels?
A. Prevention of intestinal absorption of TAGs
B. HMG-CoA reductase inhibition
C. PCSK9 inhibition
D. Upregulating β-oxidation of fatty acids
18. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) produces pulmonary vasodilation via increased
the concentration of which of the following substances?
A. Calcium
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
C. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
D. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
19. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil, will have which of the
following effects?
A. Increase the intracellular level of cAMP
B. Increase the intracellular level of cGMP
C. Decrease the intracellular level of cAMP
D. Decrease the intracellular level of cGMP
20. Activation of the β1
-adrenergic receptor will increase the concentration of
which of the following secondary messengers?
A. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
B. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
C. Ca
2
D. Inositol triphosphate (IP3
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