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1. Judicial review — the ability of the Supreme Court to decide the
constitutionality of laws — was established in which of the following cases?
(A) Stuart v. Laird
(B) Gibbons v. Ogden
(C) McCulloch V. Maryland
(D) Marbury v. Madison
(E) Scott V. Sandford
2. Until the Civil War, the court concentrated on issues related to
(A) economics
(B) civil rights
(C) federal versus state authority
(D) presidential power
(E) national expansion
3. McCulloch V. Maryland was the first step in establishing national
supremacy by
(A) overturning a national organization
(B) validating the necessary and proper clause
(C) overturning a lower court decision
(D) affirming a presidential executive order
(E) reversing state law
500 AP U.S. Government and Politics Questions to Know by Test Day
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4. During the second era of judicial review, from the end of the Civil War to
the 1930s, the court concentrated on
(A) property rights
(B) civil rights
(C) civil liberties
(D) the role of the national government
(E) the separation of powers
5. Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to change the makeup of the Supreme Court
by
(A) decreasing the number of justices
(B) changing the tenure of justices
(C) giving the justices power to enforce decisions
(D) requiring presidential and congressional approval of decisions
(E) increasing the number of justices
6. Constitutional courts, whether the Supreme Court or lower-level courts, derive their authority from _ of the Constitution.
(A) Article I
(B) Article II
(C) Article III
(D) Article IV
(E) Article V
7. Federal courts have limited jurisdiction, which means
(A) they can hear cases only in certain geographic areas
(B) they can hear only cases regarding the national government
(C) they can hear only cases concerning federal questions and citizens of different states
(D) they cannot hear cases in which Congress is involved
(E) they cannot hear cases involving charges against the president
8. The Supreme Court maintains its position of authority over lower federal courts through
(A) how well it communicates its decisions
(B) the hierarchical structure of the system
(C) the remanding of cases down to the lower courts
(D) an ability to decide what cases are heard
(E) its ability to overturn lower-court decisions
The Relationship Among the Four Institutions i 67
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9. All of the following are limits the Supreme Court can place over the federal
judiciary EXCEPT
(A) Life tenure insulates judges from each other.
(B) The Supreme Court cannot easily force the implementation of
decisions.
(C) The Supreme Court cannot distribute caseloads to lower courts.
(D) It is difficult for the Supreme Court to remove lower-court judges.
(E) The cost of continually monitoring lower courts is prohibitive.
210. Lower-court judges tend not to contradict the Supreme Court because
(A) a reversed decision is a defeat for a judge
(B) frequent reversals could damage a judge’s reputation (C) reversed decisions will bring greater scrutiny
(D) controversial decisions may not be recognized
(E) All of the above
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