Negative consequences of urbanization
According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2012), the number of species on the planet passed 6 billion in October 2011, after doubling in 44 years. Simultaneously, modernization rates have increased to the point that, for the first time in human history, the percentage of the world’s population living in urban settlements or conurbations has recently exceeded 50% [UNDESA 2012]. This trend is expected to continue globally, with almost 70% of the anticipated 9 billion people living in cities by 2050. (2012) UNDESA (United Nations Development Programme) (UNDESA). While rates of urbanization in nations like the United States and Australia are projected to increase from nowadays levels to approximately 70% to 90% by 2060, rates in Africa, the least urbanized area, are expected to reach almost 60%. UNDESA (United Nations Development Programme, 2012).
Human well-being, land usage (including exclusion from often productive alternative land uses), water resources, economic and technological development, social and cultural interactions, and governance systems will all be substantially impacted by urbanization (Melin 2012). Melin (Melin, 2012). Understanding these worldwide patterns of population growth and development requires the use of the term “sprawl.”
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