ANTH 1132 W01 Biweekly Assignment 4:
ANTH 1132 W01 202110
Biweekly Assignment 4: Burial Analysis
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Please read the following scenario, write your short report, and answer the critical thinking questions posed at the end. This assignment is graded out of 10 marks as follows: 1 mark for using relevant sources; 1 mark for proper APA citations and References List; 1 mark for proper spelling and grammar; 3 marks for the report; 1 mark for Question 1; 1 mark for Question 2; 1 mark for Question 3; and 1 mark for Question 4.
DO NOT cut and paste your answer from any sources/websites – this will result in a mark of zero for the assignment and you will be reported to the Office of Student Conduct & Academic Integrity.
You must consult outside sources for this assignment. Be sure to include an APA style References list and cite your sources throughout your assignment answers.
DUE: Sunday, Mar 14 @ 11:30 pm via the Assignments Folder in Brightspace
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Background:
During the early 7th century AD, the Kingdom of East Anglia was among the many Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England. This period of England’s history is, quite literally, the stuff of legends: Anglo Saxon kingship straddles the boundaries of myth and history when rulers not unlike King Arthur held power over various warring domains. One such ruler was Raedwald, son of Attila, who was king of the East Angles from around AD 600 to his death in around AD 624. During his reign, Raedwald was one of the most powerful men in all of England. His influence was far-reaching and he is, perhaps, best known for becoming the first Anglo Saxon king to convert to Christianity.
In 1939 a fantastic archaeological discovery was made in East Anglia at a site called Sutton Hoo. The remains of a 90-foot-long early 7th-century Anglo Saxon ship were found at the site, far from the sea. Among the many spectacular artifacts recovered were several spears, a wand with a wolf motif, a drinking horn, a sword with a harness and belt, and various other objects of personal adornment crafted out of gold and decorated with garnets. Perhaps the most compelling artifact recovered was a ceremonial helmet made of gold, silver, and garnet, with a faceguard made to represent the visage of a bearded Anglo Saxon warrior.
As you learned in Chapter 5, the analysis of burials and the grave goods contained within them is one of the primary ways that archaeologists assess the status of an individual in society (see pp.157–158). It is assumed that individuals buried with valuable objects held positions of greater importance in society. You also learned that the remains of large-scale public works are considered to be a clue about how society was organized (see pp.158–162); someone in the society had to be powerful enough to command the construction of something big.
ANTH 1132 W01 Biweekly Assignment 4: Burial Analysis 2
While we may never know the true identity of the Anglo-Saxon man buried at Sutton Hoo, one
thing is clear: he was very important. He was buried with the finest, most expensive objects of his
day and his burial beneath a massive ship far from the sea indicated that he had the power to
inspire large-scale public works. Because of this, it is very likely that the face on the ceremonial
helmet from Sutton Hoo is that of King Raedwald himself. Few others would be worthy of such a
stunning burial.
Your Assignment:
You are an archaeologist who lives in eastern England and you have just been notified that some
amazing burials have been found outside of the city of Ely. You know that Ely, which is in East
Anglia, has a strong Anglo Saxon history, and reports confirm that the artifacts associated with the
bodies are characteristic of the late 7th century Anglo Saxons. You are given the following plan of
this Anglo Saxon cemetery:
ANTH 1132 W01 Biweekly Assignment 4: Burial Analysis 3
Burial 1: Male; around 25 years old; no grave goods
Burial 2: Male; around 40 years old; buried with undecorated ceramic pot
Burial 3: Female; early teens; buried with a bronze bracelet and a ceramic pot
Burial 4: Female; around 40 years old; buried with a gold and garnet necklace, two blue glass
bowls from France in a wooden box; a carved bone comb; three gold rings; an intricate gold and
garnet crown; found beneath a burial mound (also known as a barrow)
Burial 5: Unknown sex; infant; no grave goods
Burial 6: Male; around 40 years old; buried with an iron sword, leather sheath, and the remains of
a shield
Given this information, you’ve been asked to produce a short report interpreting the burials and
their contents. Note which individuals appear to be of higher status and which appear to be of
lower status as well as how you made this determination. Be sure to discuss both the grave goods
as well as the placement of the burials themselves. Finish your report by discussing what place
individuals 4 and 6 may have had in Anglo Saxon society based on their associated grave goods.
Then answer these questions:
1. Based on the content and context of these burials would you conclude that these
were members of a mobile hunter-gatherer group, a segmentary society, or an early
state? Why?
2. Although the sex of many of the individuals in this cemetery can be determined
archaeologically, their gender is not immediately obvious. What is the difference
between sex and gender?
3. Burial 4 contained glass bowls from France. This could mean nothing at all, or it could be
a clue about her ethnicity. For example, the individual could be at the end of a trade network
that starts in France, they could be from France originally, or they could feel French
even if they had never been to France. Why is ethnicity so difficult to recognize in the
archaeological record?
4. Based on the data you have discovered at this site, design a research question as part of
an investigation into gender roles in Anglo-Saxon society.
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